Mr. Ramage pointed out that the object of a flag state investigation is not to apportion blame but to identify the root cause of an incident. This information can then be used to promote the safety of life and property at sea, as well as protection of the environment. The Titanic, Exxon Valdez, Erika and Prestige all 'gave rise to some fundamental changes in shipping, which are still in evidence today', he said.

Mr. Ramage acknowledged that individual flag states acting independently cannot decide whether or not new legislation is introduced, saying  'The duty of the flag state at the IMO is more than just participating in the committees and signing conventions.Flag states should have a proactive, permanent delegation, obtaining feedback from the industry on upcoming regulations, which can, if appropriate, be used to modify the convention under discussion.'

However, developing and ratifying conventions is only one side of the process. 'Flag states have a responsibility to provide advice and guidance to owners in a clear and concise manner on the impact of such regulations, Mr. Ramage said. 'Many of the new regulations coming out are of a very complex nature and require experts who are able to translate such regulations into a useable form.'

It is also important that advice and guidance is available around the clock. 'Ships trade internationally and operate 24 hours a day, seven days a week, he added. 'Flag states that provide an infrastructure which allows for a prompt response to any questions or problems which arise during the registration process and during the normal operation of the vessel assist in ensuring trade is not inhibited. If this can be achieved in the same time zone as the operator or the vessel, so much the better.'

He stressed that the technical advice provided by a flag state should be appropriate as well as timely. 'An appropriate response can only be achieved by employing suitably qualified and experienced personnel.'