A new study has revealed a method for predicting volcanic eruptions beneath the ocean floor using heat data from hydrothermal vents as an early warning signal of tectonic unrest.

The deep-sea submersible Alvin, which is owned by the US Navy and operated by the private education institution Woods Hold Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), based in Massachusetts, was able to prove that predictions of a 2025 eruption were correct having been made based on the new technique.